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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Lindley's paradox ： ウィキペディア英語版 Lindley's paradox Lindley's paradox is a counterintuitive situation in statistics in which the Bayesian and frequentist approaches to a hypothesis testing problem give different results for certain choices of the prior distribution. The problem of the disagreement between the two approaches was discussed in Harold Jeffreys' 1939 textbook; it became known as Lindley's paradox after Dennis Lindley called the disagreement a paradox in a 1957 paper. Although referred to as a ''paradox'', the differing results from the Bayesian and frequentist approaches can be explained as using them to answer fundamentally different questions, rather than actual disagreement between the two methods. ==Description of the paradox== Consider the result $\backslash textstyle\; x$ of some experiment, with two possible explanations, hypotheses $\backslash textstyle\; H\_0$ and $\backslash textstyle\; H\_1$, and some prior distribution $\backslash textstyle\; \backslash pi$ representing uncertainty as to which hypothesis is more accurate before taking into account $\backslash textstyle\; x$. Lindley's paradox occurs when # The result $\backslash textstyle\; x$ is "significant" by a frequentist test of $\backslash textstyle\; H\_0$, indicating sufficient evidence to reject $\backslash textstyle\; H\_0$, say, at the 5% level, and # The posterior probability of $\backslash textstyle\; H\_0$ given $\backslash textstyle\; x$ is high, indicating strong evidence that $\backslash textstyle\; H\_0$ is in better agreement with $\backslash textstyle\; x$ than $\backslash textstyle\; H\_1$. These results can occur at the same time when $\backslash textstyle\; H\_0$ is very specific, $\backslash textstyle\; H\_1$ more diffuse, and the prior distribution does not strongly favor one or the other, as seen below. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lindley's paradox」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.